Description
Pharmacological action
Pharmacotherapeutic group:
bronchodilatory beta2-adrenergic agonist selective.
ATX code: R03AC02.
Pharmacological action
Bronchodilator. Salbutamol is a stimulant of beta2-adrenergic receptors. The bronchodilatory effect is manifested already at 1-3 minutes after inhalation of the drug and significantly increases by 10 minutes, maximum action is achieved by 15-20 minutes, the duration of action is 4-5 hours.
In therapeutic doses, it also has a pronounced stimulating effect on beta2-adrenoreceptors of blood vessels and myometrium. Virtually no effect on beta1-adrenergic receptors of the heart. Inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators and basophils from mast cells, in particular, anti-IgE-induced release of histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2, eliminates antigen-dependent suppression of mucociliary transport and the release of neutrophil chemotaxis factor.
Suppresses the early and late phase of an allergic reaction. It has a pronounced bronchodilator effect, preventing or stopping bronchospasm, reduces resistance in the respiratory tract, increases lung vital capacity. Positive effect on mucociliary clearance, stimulates the secretion of mucus, activates the functions of the ciliated epithelium.
Prevents the development of allergen-induced bronchospasm. May cause desensitization and a decrease in the number of beta-adrenergic receptors, including on lymphocytes. It has a number of metabolic effects: it reduces the potassium content in plasma, affects glycogenolysis and insulin secretion, has a hyperglycemic and lipolytic effect, and increases the risk of acidosis. In the recommended therapeutic doses, it does not adversely affect the cardiovascular system, does not cause an increase in blood pressure.
To a lesser extent, in comparison with the drugs of this group, has a positive chrono- and inotropic effect. It causes the expansion of the coronary arteries. It has a tocolytic effect: it reduces the tone and contractile activity of the myometrium.
Pharmacokinetics
When inhaled, 10-20% reaches the small bronchi and is gradually absorbed, part of the dose after ingestion is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It undergoes a presystemic metabolism in the liver and intestinal wall. The elimination half-life is about 4 hours. It is excreted in urine and bile, mainly unchanged (90%) or in the form of glucuronide.
Indications
Bronchial asthma (for relief of asthma attacks), reversible bronchial obstruction (prevention and treatment), including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the drug, coronary heart disease, severe heart failure, rhythm disturbances (paroxysmal tachycardia, polytopic ventricular extrasystole), myocarditis, heart defects, aortic stenosis, decompensated diabetes mellitus, pylori, glaucoma, pylori, glaucoma and liver with a violation of their function, pregnancy, simultaneous use of non-selective beta-blockers, children’s age up to 18 months.
Precautions: chronic heart failure, arterial hypertension, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis.
Special instructions
There is no evidence of a negative effect on the ability to drive vehicles or other activities requiring special attention and quick reactions.
Nevertheless, the question of the possibility of driving a vehicle should be decided after evaluating the individual tolerance of the drug.
If the effect of the usual dose of the drug becomes less effective, the patient should consult a doctor.
In the event of a paradoxical bronchospasm, it is necessary to immediately stop it with a different dosage form of salbutamol or a fast-acting inhaled bronchodilator, stop treatment and prescribe therapy with other drugs.
Composition
Inhalation solution.
Active ingredient:
salbutamol hemisuccinate 1.0 mg.
Excipients:
succinic acid 0.2 mg,
purified water 1.0 ml.
Dosage and administration
Salbutamol-Nativ is used inhaled only with a nebulizer of any design. 1 ml of the drug contains 1 mg of salbutamol hemisuccinate (in terms of salbutamol 0.8 mg / ml).
A nebulizer converts a solution into an aerosol for inhalation. When applied, the solution should have room temperature (a cold solution can cause a cough effect). Before using the drug, it is necessary to carefully study the instructions for use of the nebulizer:
Prepare the nebulizer for use.
Place the drug solution in a nebulizer. Do not mix the solution with other drugs. The solution can be diluted with distilled water or 0.9% sodium chloride.
After inhalation is complete, remove the remaining solution and wash the nebulizer. When using a solution of Salbutamol-native through a nebulizer, the initial dose of the drug for adults and children over 12 years old is 2.5 mg, but can be increased to 5 mg. Inhalations are carried out every 4-6 hours during the first 24-48 hours of therapy or until the clinical picture stabilizes. Improvement is observed after inhalation, usually after 10-15 minutes. With a severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the frequency of administration of the drug can be significantly increased – it is possible to prescribe the drug every 30-60 minutes until the clinical effect is achieved (in adults up to 40 mg per day).
Use in children from 18 months to 12 years.
To relieve an attack of bronchospasm: a single dose of 2 mg for inhalation up to 4 times a day under the supervision of specialists. For the prevention of 2 mg / day.
Side effects
Feeling of inner uneasiness and mild tremor of skeletal muscle, cramps, palpitations, sleep disturbance, paradoxical bronchospasm, cough, facial flushing, nervous tension, anxiety, headache, dizziness, maternal tachycardia ( fetus), agitation, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, pharyngitis, urinary retention, sweating, hyperglycemia, an increase in blood levels of free fatty acids, hypokalemia, angioedema, allergic reactions ktsii (urticaria, erythema, swelling of the face), lowering blood pressure, arrhythmia, respiratory tract irritation, dry mucous membranes of the mouth and throat, change in taste, dermatitis.
Overdose
Symptoms: tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, peripheral vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, hypoxemia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, muscle tremor, headache, agitation.
treatment.
Drug withdrawal and symptomatic therapy (administration of selective beta-blockers requires caution in patients with bronchial asthma due to the risk of severe bronchospasm).
Active ingredient
Salbutamol
Terms of delivery from pharmacies
Prescription
Solution for ynhalyatsyy
Nanolek, Russia
